STAGES of SPINAL DEGENERATION

Normal: Vertebrae are smooth, healthy and perfectly aligned. The curvature is normal and there is equal spacing between the vertebrae. The openings (neural foramina) between the vertebrae allow the nerves to exit freely without interference.

Stage I: This phase is characterized by the presence of subluxation. In this example, the second lowest vertebra has misaligned posteriorly. Decrease in flexibility, mobility & stability may be expected. However, this stage is often asymptomatic. This phase is completely reversible.

Stage II: Lack of mobility / fixation prohibits fluid to pump in & out of the discs, thus the discs dry out becoming thinner and less supportive. There is a loss of curvature and narrowing of the neural foramina which will lead to nerve damage. Pain & fatigue are likely symptoms. This stage is often reversible.

Stage III: There is a significant loss of normal spinal curve and disc space. Loss of energy and reduced height are probable symptoms. Bone adapt to the forces and loads under which it is placed. As a result, bone deformation such as calcium deposits and bone spurs (osteophytes) develop.

Stage IV: Cartilage & bone are degenerating. Bones fuse causing joint immobilization – inability to turn, bend and twist. There is irreparable nerve damage. Constant pain and discomfort are common. This stage is generally irreversible.